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Mar. 29, 2013 ? When blessed with a resource in overwhelming abundance it's generally a good idea to make valuable use of that resource. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic material on Earth. For thousands of years it has been used as animal feed, and for the past two centuries has been a staple of the paper industry. This abundant resource, however, could also supply the sugars needed to produce advanced biofuels that can supplement or replace fossil fuels, providing several key technical challenges are met.
One of these challenges is finding ways to more cost-effectively extract those sugars. Major steps towards achieving this breakthrough are being taken by researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI).
"Through the tools of synthetic biology, we have engineered healthy plants whose lignocellulosic biomass can more easily be broken down into simple sugars for biofuels," says Dominique Loque, who directs the cell wall engineering program for JBEI's Feedstocks Division. "Working with the model plant, Arabidopsis, as a demonstration tool, we have genetically manipulated secondary cell walls to reduce the production of lignin while increasing the yield of fuel sugars."
JBEI is a scientific partnership led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) whose mission is to advance the development of next generation biofuels that can provide the nation with clean, green and renewable transportation energy that will create jobs and boost the economy. Loque and his research group have focused on reducing the natural recalcitrance of plant cell walls to give up their sugars. Unlike the simple starch-based sugars in corn and other grains, the complex polysaccharide sugars in plant cell walls are locked within a robust aromatic polymer called lignin. Setting these sugars free from their lignin cage has required the use of expensive and environmentally harsh chemicals at high temperatures, a process that helps drive production costs of advance biofuels prohibitively high.
"By embedding polysaccharide polymers and reducing their extractability and accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes, lignin is the major contributor to cell wall recalcitrance," Loque says. "Unfortunately, most efforts to reduce lignin content during plant development have resulted in severe biomass yield reduction and a loss of integrity in vessels, a key tissue responsible for water and nutrient distribution from roots to the above-ground organs."
Lignin has also long posed problems for pulping and animal feed. To overcome the lignin problem, Loque and his colleagues rewired the regulation of lignin biosynthesis and created an artificial positive feedback loop (APFL) to enhance secondary cell wall biosynthesis in specific tissue. The idea was to reduce cell wall recalcitrance and boost polysaccharide content without impacting plant development.
"When we applied our APFL to Arabidopsis plants engineered so that lignin biosynthesis is disconnected from the fiber secondary cell wall regulatory network, we maintained the integrity of the vessels and were able to produce healthy plants with reduced lignin and enhanced polysaccharide deposition in the cell walls," Loque says. "After various pretreatments, these engineered plants exhibited improved sugar releases from enzymatic hydrolysis as compared to wild type plants. In other words we accumulated the good stuff -- polysaccharides -- without spoiling it with lignin."
Loque and his colleagues believe that the APFL strategy they used to enhance polysaccharide deposition in the fibers of their Arabidopsis plants could be rapidly implemented into other vascular plant species as well. This could increase cell wall content to the benefit of the pulping industry and forage production as well as for bioenergy applications. It could also be used to increase the strength of cereal straws, reducing crop lodging and seed losses. Since regulatory networks and other components of secondary cell wall biosynthesis have been highly conserved by evolution, the researchers feel their lignin rewiring strategy should also be readily transferrable to other plant species. They are currently developing new and even better versions of these strategies.
"We now know that we can significantly re-engineer plant cell walls as long as we maintain the integrity of vessels and other key tissues," Loque says.
A paper describing this research in detail has been published in Plant Biotechnology Journal. The paper is titled "Engineering secondary cell wall deposition in plants." Loque is the corresponding author. Co-authors are Fan Yang, Prajakta Mitra, Ling Zhang, Lina Prak, Yves Verhertbruggen, Jin-Sun Kim, Lan Sun, Kejian Zheng, Kexuan Tang, Manfred Auer and Henrik Scheller.
This research was supported by the DOE Office of Science.
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Epson's managed to cram two of most important facts about the Epson PowerLite W16 3D WXGA 3LCD Projector into its name. It's a 3D projector, and it's built around an LCD engine. The combination matters because, until now, one of the best arguments for choosing a DLP data projector has been precisely that if you need 3D, it's pretty much been the only way to go. Suddenly, that's no longer true, at least, not if what you need is a WXGA (1,280 by 800), 3,000-lumen projector, like the W16.
In many ways, the W16 is in competition with DLP projectors like the Editors' Choice ViewSonic PJD6683ws that I recently reviewed, and the more expensive Editors' Choice Optoma TW610ST. Unlike the W16, both of these DLP projectors offer short-throw lenses, which puts them in a slightly different category. However, the three models are comparable in almost every other way, with the same native resolution, similar brightness ratings, a similar level of portability, and, of course, 3D support. Where they differ primarily is in the technology they use: DLP or LCD.
The LCD engine gives the W16 two key advantages. First, it can't show rainbow artifacts, which are always a potential issue for single-chip DLP projectors because of the way they create colors. And second, its color brightness is the same as its white brightness, which isn't true for most DLP projectors. A difference between the two can affect both color quality and the brightness of color images. With most LCD projectors, you have to weigh these advantages against the disadvantage of not having 3D. With the W16, you don't.
Basics: Portability, Connections, and Setup
At six pounds, the W16 is in a weight class that often winds up permanently installed in one room or on a cart for moving from room to room. However, it's also light enough to carry, and Epson ships it with a soft carrying case, complete with a shoulder strap, so you can take it with you easily.
Setup is standard, with both manual focus and zoom controls plus a fairly typical set of connectors on the back, including the expected HDMI for a computer or video source, VGA for a computer or component video, and both S-Video and composite video ports. Also worth mention is a USB A port for reading files from a USB memory key and a USB B port for USB display and audio as well as for providing mouse control from the projector's remote.
Brightness and Image Quality
The W16's 3,000-lumen rating is in the typical range for the projector's price and weight class. In my tests, it was easily bright enough for the 92-inch diagonal image I used, or even a somewhat larger image, to stand up to the typical level of ambient light in a conference room or classroom.
The data image quality was near excellent, with the W16 handling most of our standard suite of DisplayMate tests without problems. Colors were fully saturated, vibrant, and eye-catching in all modes. Color balance was also good, with suitably neutral grays at all levels from white to black in all but the brightest mode, with a slight yellowish tint in the brightest shades in that mode. However that's not really an issue, since it's typical for projectors to have less than perfect color balance in their brightest modes.
A potential issue for data images is that the W16 doesn?t hold detail as well as it could. In my tests, black on white text was readable at 6.8 points, but not as crisp as it should be. White on black text wasn't as well formed, and was easily readable only down to 7.5 points. For most images, this won't matter, but if you need to show a lot of fine detail, it may.
Video quality is better than par for a data projector. In fact, it's good enough to let you watch a full-length movie comfortably. I saw some mild loss of shadow detail (details based on shading in dark areas) and just a hint of posterization (shading changing suddenly in areas that should change gradually). However, these showed only in scenes that tend to cause these problems, and the W16 handled those scenes far better than most data projectors. It also helps that, as an LCD-projector, it doesn't show rainbow artifacts.
3D and Other Issues
Like most 3D data projectors, the W16 doesn?t come with glasses. But the really bad news is that if you're replacing a DLP 3D projector, you can't use your old DLP-link glasses. You have to buy Epson's, at $99 (direct) each. As with most other data projectors, if you need enough for an audience of more than a few people, you'll wind up paying more for the glasses than for the projector.
Keeping that in mind, it's still worth mention that even though Epson says the projector doesn't fully support HDMI version 1.4a, it can connect directly to a 3D Blu-ray player, game console, or other video device for full 1080p 3D input (with the projector scaling it to 720p).
Also note that although Epson says that the 3D will work with a 3D computer equipped with a Quad-buffered, Open GL 3D-compatible graphics card, it doesn't support the 3D format that computers typically use, and it doesn't support 3D with a VGA connection. To get the right 3D format, according to Epson, you have to add third-party software on the computer and connect by HDMI.
For my 3D tests, I connected the projector to a Blu-ray player. The 3D video image quality was reasonably good overall, despite some minor 3D-related motion artifacts I saw in scenes that tend to bring out the problem. I didn't see any crosstalk.
A last important note is that if you need sound, you shouldn't count on the W16's anemic audio system. The 2-watt mono speaker offers reasonably good sound quality, but only if you're close enough to hear it. If you need sound, plan on using an external audio system, even for a small room.
The Epson PowerLite W16 3D WXGA 3LCD Projector falls short of getting an Editors' Choice, with good, but not great, image quality for both data and video, and underwhelming audio. Even so, it may well be your preferred choice, especially if you're bothered by rainbow artifacts in DLP projectors but need 3D now or want to future-proof your purchase for later. The Epson PowerLite W16 3D WXGA 3LCD Projector lets you have it both ways, so you can get your rainbow-free cake and 3D too.
Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/0ouXkgi_TbI/0,2817,2417118,00.asp
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You know what I don?t understand?? Portable gaming consoles.? I get the concept, I think.? It?s a console, but you can take it anywhere.? Cool, right?? Except, when I think of situations where I use a portable gaming device, I typically only have a few minutes to play.? I?m not into gaming in car rides (even the nice Vita screen is unplayable with the sun glaring), I don?t do a lot of plane rides, and when I?m at home, I would rather play a game on a proper console.? The only times where it makes sense for me to play a portable game are when I?ve got ten minutes or less to kill.? Waiting in a line, or out having a cigarette, or with whatever time I have to spare during a lunch break.? That?s why I?m baffled at the types of portable games that are popular on Vita or 3DS these days.? Hey, I loved Persona 4 Golden as much as the next person, but I would have loved it just as much if I had played in on the PlayStation 3.? Probably more, in fact.? Why does Uncharted even need a stripped down portable version?? Why did Nintendo make a port of Ocarina of Time one of the flagship launch-window titles for 3DS?? These aren?t games designed to be portable.? These are console games that require significant time investments.? What if I just want to play something for five minutes while taking a dump?
The only valid argument I?ve heard is ?what if you have to share the television with others??? Granted, that was never a problem with me.? Only child here that had her own television from an early age.? I guess my parents weren?t keen on watching endless reruns of Barney and Sesame Street.? Still, as someone who is very fond of consoles, I?ve oddly never had the desire to carry one around with me.? Brian says I?m almost certainly in the minority on that.? I say that just proves how much smarter I am than everyone else.
And don?t say I don?t know humility.? I do.? It?s what measures moisture in the air.
The kind of portable gaming sessions I want are readily available.? They?re typically found on phones.? Most of the time.? Year Walk is a bizarre horror-adventure game based on Swedish mythology.? It seems like it could be a decent title, but this is one of those cases where the game failed to grab my interest right out of the gate and I just couldn?t get into it.? I?m not a big fan of point and click games.? This is more exploration-oriented than average, but I fucking hate games where you wander around with no clue of where to go, what your objectives are, or what the ultimate goal is.? Plus, it had features I?m not too keen on, like sound-based puzzles.? I typically play my iPhone games with the sound turned off, because I have a strong desire to not annoy those around me.? I mean, more so than usual.
I don?t deny Year Walk is spooky. It really is. But I don?t feel it?s put to good use on iOS. I would have rather played this on a television.
I didn?t finish Year Walk.? Not even close.? I spent most of the game just aimlessly shambling about.? Yea, the settings were spooky, but I would have rather played this on a console, or the Vita.? I probably should have fired this up on the iPad, where at least I could have seen things better.? But, the truth was, I didn?t want to play it anymore.? I was bored.? I think horror-adventure fans might get a lot more mileage out of this than I did.? Really, I was just disappointed that this wasn?t a game about Wicket?s first birthday.
. .
. .
. .
Get it?? Wicket was an Ewok.? Ewok sounds like Year Walk?
. .
. .
You know, Brian told me that one was no good.? I didn?t listen to him.? And now he?s gloating.? He said ?it?s too obscure a Star Wars pun and you have to make too large a logical leap to draw the connection.?? Fine.? Trying again: I thought Year Walk was boring.? Would have been better if it had starred Luke Yearwalker.
. .
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Ridiculous Fishing has absolutely no connection to Year Walk, other than being on iPhone.? When I told someone I was reviewing this, they said ?I?ve never liked a fishing game.? Never ever ever.?? Although I can?t say the same (I was quite fond of Sega Bass Fishing when I was ten),? saying this is about fishing is like saying Punch-Out is an authentic boxing simulator.? Here, you use the tilt-controls of your phone to lower a fishing lure to the bottom of the sea.? While it?s descending,? you want to avoid touching fish.? Once you touch a fish, the descent stops and the lure starts to surface.? Any fish you touch at this point are on the hook and being reeled in.? When you reach the surface, the fish fly up in the air.? At this point, you whip out a gun and shoot them.
No, seriously.? You shoot them.? With a gun.? Okay, so it?s not the most ridiculous form of fishing I?ve ever seen.? These Lithuanians I believe have that covered.
God bless YouTube.
Fishy fishy in the brook.. I wonder if Brooks Bishop hated that rhyme as a kid?
I?ve never, ever liked tilt-controls.? Ridiculous Fishing is the first game that I truly enjoyed because?of tilt-controls.? It just works.? It?s accurate, it feels natural, and it makes the game more fun.? And Ridiculous Fishing is perfectly suited for micro-gaming sessions.? Got five minutes to kill?? Cast a line, scoop up some fish, shoot those fuckers up, and get back to what you were doing.? It also has actual depth to it, with time-sinky upgrades and a decent (not spectacular) variety of fish to catch. ? In a sense, it?s the perfect mobile game.? My biggest complaints are how there?s no jelly-fish repellent among the items.? Well, that and the Game Center leaderboards are sort of limited.? Oh, and maybe the game is a teeny-tiny bit overpriced at $2.99.? A little steep for a game with no variety at all, especially on the iPhone market.? Of course, Year Walk cost $3.99 and it?s on the wrong platform.? It would probably make an excellent PC game, but at its price, it?s like paying LeBron James to play on your cricket team.
Wait, you mean we?re not going to eat them?
Year Walk was developed by Simogo and I really want to try it on a console at some point. Ouya, perhaps?
Ridiculous Fishing was developed by Vlambeer and is Chick Approved.
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Source: http://indiegamerchick.com/2013/03/27/year-walk-and-ridiculous-fishing/
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KINSHASA (Reuters) - Democratic Republic of Congo's government said on Friday it had thwarted a plot involving a Belgian member of parliament that aimed to assassinate President Joseph Kabila and overthrow his government.
Two suspects - a Belgian doctor of Congolese origin named Jean-Pierre Kanku Mukendi and Isidore Madimba Mongombe, a former policeman - were arrested last month in the capital Kinshasa, Interior Minister Richard Muyej told journalists.
Muyej said the two men, who were in possession of a small quantity of weapons at the time of their arrest, confessed to the plot.
"(Mukendi) admitted that this plan to attack the city of Kinshasa and physically eliminate the head of state was adopted at a large meeting presided by himself on January 20 in Kinshasa," he said.
Muyej claimed Mukendi had, while living in Belgium, founded a group called "Mouvement Debout Congolais", or the Arise Congolese Movement, with the assistance of a member of Belgium's Chamber of Representatives.
"With the help of the Belgian member of parliament Laurent Louis, he increased his meetings with Congolese compatriots ... in the aim of preparing and finalizing their project to overthrow (Congo's) institutions," he said.
Louis, an independent MP, told Reuters that while he opposed Kabila's rule, he was not involved in any plot to overthrow the Congolese government by force.
"I am opposed to violence ... What's more, these meetings were totally public. There weren't any secret meetings to plot this or that," he said by telephone.
Joseph Kabila became president of the vast mineral-rich but chronically unstable Congo in 2001 following the assassination of his father, President Laurent Kabila.
While he won the country's first democratic poll in nearly five decades in 2006 in a vote endorsed by observers as free and fair, Kabila's reelection five years later was tarnished by widespread irregularities.
Twenty men suspected of belonging to another insurgent group were arrested in South Africa last month and charged with plotting to overthrow Kabila after they traveled to the country to seek military training and buy arms.
(This story corrects month of arrest in second paragraph)
?
(Reporting by Bienvenu Bakumanya; Additional reporting by Philip Blenkinsop in Brussels; Writing by Joe Bavier; Editing by Richard Valdmanis)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/congo-says-foils-plot-assassinate-president-180316564.html
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(Reuters) - Military officials on Saturday released the names of two Marines killed in a shooting at a Virginia base, along with the identity of the gunman, also a Marine, who took his own life in the incident.
The shooting on Thursday at Marine Corps Base Quantico, about 40 miles south of Washington, was the second fatal non-combat incident involving Marines on U.S. soil in a matter of days.
Seven Marines died and eight other service members were wounded when a mortar exploded during a live-fire training exercise on Monday at an munitions depot in Nevada.
In the Virginia incident, a Marine shot dead two colleagues at a barracks at Quantico's Officer Candidates School before turning a gun on himself.
A statement from the base identified the victims as 19-year-old Lance Corporal Sara Castromata of Oakley, California, and Corporal Jacob Wooley, 23, of Guntown, Mississippi.
The gunman was identified as Sergeant Eusebio Lopez, 25, of Pacifica, California. Lopez was a tactics instructor at the school and his military specialization was as a machine-gunner, the base said. He joined the Marine Corps in May 2006 and was promoted to his current rank in July 2011.
Military spokesmen have so far declined to comment on what may have motivated the shooting at the base.
Castromata, who joined the Marines in 2011 and was promoted to her current rank in February, was serving as a warehouse clerk. She had won the National Defense Service Medal, the Global War on Terrorism Medal and the Good Conduct Medal.
Wooley was a field radio operator who joined the Marines in 2010 and was promoted to his current rank last July.
He had won the Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation, the Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal, the National Defense Service Medal, the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal and the Sea Service Deployment Ribbon.
All three were pronounced dead at the scene.
"We send our prayers and condolences to the families, fellow Marines and friends of the Marines who were lost in this tragic incident," base commander Colonel David Maxwell said in the statement. "Our priority is to take care of and support all of those who are affected by this loss."
He said the incident remained under investigation by the Naval Criminal Investigative Service.
According to Maxwell, base security officers received a 911 call at about 10:30 p.m. on Thursday and responded within five minutes, backed up by local police. They fired no shots.
The Officer Candidates School provides basic instruction for prospective Marine officers. The sprawling Quantico base is also home to the Marine Corps' Brig military prison and the National Museum of the Marine Corps.
(Reporting by Colleen Jenkins and Dan Whitcomb; Editing by Gunna Dickson)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/military-releases-names-three-marines-killed-shooting-033258411.html
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